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Any entity that uses an international monetary unit has in effect give up it's own sovereignty, but they are forced to by the structure of international trade. An entity, be it an individual or a nation, can't engage in international commerce unless it has access and uses a monetary unit, that is accepted by the vendor. The Afghan Afghan…
© 2025 Thomas Hartmann
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Any entity that uses an international monetary unit has in effect give up it's own sovereignty, but they are forced to by the structure of international trade. An entity, be it an individual or a nation, can't engage in international commerce unless it has access and uses a monetary unit, that is accepted by the vendor. The Afghan Afghani (AFN) is of no value in international trade, what they import must be paid for in internationally recognized currency. And such currency has varying values, and values are always fluctuating.
In most nations, the national currency is used for internal purchases, but in some places they will accept Dollars, and EU's.I traveled the Pan American hiway from Juarez to Panama on a brief case of 300 $1.00 bills. Did not have to convert anything, but they were very glad to take the dollar, as I am sure that I overpaid
I can't point to one book or a series of books, my 40 year old monolith has 157 references, ranging from books, news papers and magazines.
Back in 1984, the Federal Reserve had a list of free publications, took up most of the space in my footlocker,but they soon realized that educating the public was a mistake, as I started posting excerpts like the Association of Primary Dealers in Government Securities (APDGS) on the nascent internet, including what I know about Modern Money Mechanics, and soon there was a proliferation of books and articles and they stopped making Modern Money Mechanics free for the asking. Mostly it was grad students in finance that asked for the publications.